Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Machines That “See” the World
As the world moves toward 6G (IMT-2030), Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is emerging as a game-changing technology. Unlike traditional wireless networks that focus solely on data transmission, ISAC enables networks to both communicate and sense the environment simultaneously. This dual functionality will unlock unprecedented applications in autonomous systems, smart cities, and next-generation security.
With 3GPP Release 19 and Release 20 defining ISAC use cases, this blog explores what ISAC is, how it works, and its challenges and applications.
What is Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC)?
ISAC is a fundamental shift in wireless communication, where the same network infrastructure is used for both wireless data transmission and environmental sensing.
💡 Key Features of ISAC:
✅ Simultaneous Sensing & Communication: Networks will "see" and "talk" at the same time.
✅ Ultra-High Precision: Enables sub-centimeter localization accuracy for industrial and safety applications.
✅ Enhanced Object Detection: Real-time tracking of objects without additional sensors.
✅ Optimized Spectrum Usage: Reduces the need for separate radar and communication systems.
Why ISAC is Essential for 6G?
1. Advanced Autonomous Systems
ISAC will enable highly precise environmental awareness, supporting self-driving cars, drones, and robotics.
2. High-Precision Indoor and Outdoor Localization
ISAC decreases the reliance on GPS by offering precise location tracking in urban environments, tunnels, and disaster zones.
3. Smart City Applications
ISAC will provide real-time monitoring of traffic, air quality, and urban infrastructure.
Challenges of ISAC in 6G
1. Signal Interference Between Sensing & Communication
ISAC requires simultaneous wireless transmission and environmental sensing, which can lead to interference issues.
🛠️ Potential Solution:
- Joint Sensing-Communication Waveforms to ensure seamless co-existence.
- AI-Driven Interference Mitigation to dynamically adjust signals.
2. High Computational Requirements
ISAC requires real-time AI processing of vast amounts of sensor data, leading to high energy consumption.
🛠️ Potential Solution:
- Edge AI Processing to distribute computational loads.
- Energy-Efficient ISAC Algorithms.
3. Regulatory & Privacy Concerns
ISAC networks continuously collect environmental data, raising privacy and ethical concerns.
🛠️ Potential Solution:
- Encrypted and Decentralized Data Processing.
- Regulatory Compliance for Data Collection & Usage.
Key Applications of ISAC
1. AI-Driven Autonomous Vehicles
🚗 ISAC will allow self-driving cars to "see" obstacles, pedestrians, and road conditions in real time.
2. Smart Healthcare & Remote Monitoring
🏥 ISAC will enable non-invasive health tracking, including heart rate and respiratory monitoring.
3. 6G-Powered Smart Cities
🏙️ ISAC will provide real-time monitoring of urban environments, supporting traffic control, waste management, and air quality sensing.
The Road Ahead: ISAC Standardization in 3GPP
📌 Release 19 (2024-2025):
- Study on ISAC Spectrum & Use Cases.
📌 Release 20 (2026-2028):
- Integration of ISAC into 6G Network Slicing.
📌 Release 21+ (2028-2030):
- Finalization of ISAC-based 6G Air Interface.
Final Thoughts: The Future of ISAC in 6G
ISAC will fundamentally transform wireless networks, enabling:
✅ Seamless Communication & Sensing
✅ Precise Localization
✅ Smarter, Safer Cities and Autonomous Systems
However, interference management, privacy, and computational efficiency must be addressed. With 3GPP and ITU driving ISAC standardization, 6G networks will not just connect us—but also understand our world in real time.
🚀 What excites you most about ISAC? Let’s discuss below!
References & Further Reading
📄 ITU-R M.2160-0 (2023) – ISAC for IMT-2030
📄 3GPP TR 22.870 (2024) – ISAC Use Cases & Requirements
📄 3GPP RP-243327 – Study on 6G Scenarios and requirements
📄 3GPP RP-243245 – NR air interface Phase 2
📄 3GPP SP-241695 – Application Data Analytics Enablement Service